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The New Audi A3
The new premium athlete in the compact class is now set to enter the market: Audi proudly presents the second generation of the A3. Powerful four- and six-cylinder engines with up to 177 kW (241 bhp), quattro drive and the new, automatic DSG Direct Shift Gearbox team up with the highly dynamic suspension to provide exactly the driving pleasure you will sense at very first sight when admiring the sporting lines of the body. And the exclusivity of the car's features and materials once again conveys the supreme standard so typical of Audi's large models in the compact class.
The new A3 is therefore entering the market with the clear intention as the most sporting car in its class to thrill not only the loyal A3 driver, but also many new purchasers in the market. And these new customers must be won over against competitors with a big name and a renowned image. Competitors, indeed, who themselves have followed the successful concept of the former Audi A3 in the still young compact premium segment.
To reach this objective the engineers developing the successor to the Audi A3 gave themselves a very demanding brief from the start, focusing in particular on driving pleasure. Clearly defined concepts help to reach this objective, for example the emotional and dynamic exterior design together with the matching, sporting interior, a wide range of engines and transmissions for the first time including a six-cylinder version, and a chassis and suspension clearly setting the new benchmark in this class. A further objective was to outperform the high level of equipment and model features of the first A3 in order to successfully reach additional target groups.
The new Audi A3 therefore has everything it takes to continue and, indeed, enhance - its predecessor's unique story of success. The second generation stands out through its superior sportiness, highly developed technology and the most dynamic design in its class, giving the car the same pole position clinched by the first generation of the Audi A3 right from the start.
The trendsetter: the first generation of the Audi A3
Audi A3 made its debut in the compact range as a three-door saloon in 1996.
And it immediately established the benchmark in its market segment more than any other car at its time, the proverbial premium quality of the A3, its elegant body design and outstanding dynamic performance establishing a new trend for a new era.
In a part of the market where common sense and economy had previously been the crucial purchasing motives, the A3 introduced new values and, indeed, a new philosophy. The strategy of success was based on Audi's self-imposed standards in terms of safety and quality, design and innovation carried over from the brand's large model series and transferred to the compact segment.
With a wide range of equipment and an equally wide choice of accessories, the A3 allowed the customer to create his or her personal "dream" car more efficiently than ever before in the compact range. High-torque TDI and fast-revving spark ignition engines ranging initially from 66 kW (90 bhp) to 132 kW (180 bhp) offered every customer exactly what he or she - wanted. Sporting quattro versions, the uncompromising S3 initially developing 154, then 165 kW (225 bhp) and the five-door models introduced in 1999 subsequently completed the model range.
Almost 875,000 customers the world over, as well as motor journalists and other car experts, have confirmed the convincing concept of this car ever since the Audi A3 made its debut in the market. National and international awards such as the Golden Steering Wheel and Europe's Best Car as well as the German Federal Product Design Award and countless wins in comparative tests by the motoring press clearly prove the qualities of the Audi A3.
This success has continued consistently over the years, the Audi A3 consistently ranking No 1 in its class in terms of stable value until shortly before the end of its production life: After two years the A3 still commands an average of 75 per cent of its original price in the German second-hand car market.
Exterior design
Emotion and precision: These two features characterise the exterior design of the new A3, making it stand out clearly as a fully-fledged representative of Audi's current design line.
Wheelbase increased by 65 millimetres or 2.56", an increase in width by 30 millimetres or 1.18", and a reduction in height by 10 millimetres or 0.39" give the new A3 proportions reminiscent of a classic coupι. This impression is further enhanced by short front and rear overhangs, the much lower rake of the C-pillar, and the flatter window surrounds.
Apart from aesthetic qualities, the most important results of this growth are the significant increase in interior dimensions both at the front and rear as well as a higher standard of spaciousness throughout.
Firmer and more athletic: the silhouette
The generation leap now borne out by the new model is confirmed not only by the car's dimensions and proportions, but also through its qualities and details: The entire body of the car is even firmer and more athletic in style thanks to the contribution of many redesigned features. The side view of the Audi A3 is characterised by two contour lines now acknowledged as the very foundation of Audi's new design language: the shoulder line and the dynamic line.
Extending along the side-sill, the dynamic line forms a clear contour from one wheel arch to the other, accentuating the broad track of the car and its firm stance on the road. Particularly powerful in their contours, the round wheel arches would appear to literally rest on the side-sills and the foundation thus created, standing out from the dynamic line. Large 16- and 17-inch wheels underline this effect of masculine sportiness and make the dynamic potential of the new Audi A3 clearly visible even at a standstill.
The shoulder line emphasizes the plasticity of the side section just as clearly and convincingly, continuing the upper horizontal border created by the headlights, moving along the top of the front wheel arch and sloping gently towards the rear before tapering out in an almost straight line on the wide C-pillar. Serving as a light-breaking edge, the shoulder line enhances the three-dimensional look of the car, distinguishing the side section of the new A3 from its predecessor.
The angle opening up discreetly to the rear between the dynamic line and the shoulder line accentuates the gentle wedge shape of the car's athletic silhouette. This impression is further enhanced by the slightly rising baseline along the windows interacting with the coupι-like roofline. The visual centre of gravity of the new A3 is thus clearly moved towards the muscular-looking rear end of the A3, creating the impression that the entire car is about to leap forward.
New lines, new face
The front end of the A3 is characterised by the distinctive arrow shape and the dynamic look of the clear glass headlights. Pointing to the middle, the upper edges of the headlights give the face of the car with the double grille typical of Audi a self-confident, powerful character.
The grille itself has gone through a significant process of evolution, the outer edges on the upper and lower segment being visibly connected to one another by two clear lines in the bumper. Together with the swept-back, arrow shape of the entire front end, this design significantly enhances the plasticity and, accordingly, the presence of the car's face.
The flat air inlets beneath the headlights segmented by transverse bars accentuate the horizontal subdivision of the A3's face.
Like the side and rear of the car, the front end is finished consistently in body colour even including the area beneath the bumper. This feature gives a very specific but nevertheless modest and unpretentious sign of exclusivity to the highly dynamic lines and design of the new Audi A3.
Beautiful also from behind
With the number of lines being significantly reduced and the individual surfaces split up graphically, the entire rear end is very clear and consistent in its look from every angle. Indeed, this evolution of the car's design language bears out a clear resemblance to the former model winning so many awards and prizes for its design. A striking feature clearly representing the dynamic character of the car is the visible tailpipes extending out of the single- or double-chamber exhaust system, depending on the car's engine.
Another striking feature not only versus the former model is the shoulder line connecting the side and the rear of the car. Running parallel to the lower sill of the windows and next to the lower rear lid joint, this line subdivides the side areas horizontally, the dynamic line continuing along the lower end of the bumper and again creating a formal link to the side of the car.
Extra-large and literally pushing to the outside, the rear-light covers are again an outstanding feature of the A3. Indeed, in their proportions they follow the overall design of the new car versus its predecessor: wider, lower, rising up from the side to the rear in a gentle, curved line. By comparison, the side lines extend down almost vertically, forming a clear division at exactly the right points. And the rear lights high up at the back of the car accentuate the trapezoidal design of the rear section particularly at night, giving the new Audi A3 its powerful, bullish appearance from behind.
The result is a rear end particularly calm in design, characterised by gentle curves and only a few lines. Especially from a lower angle, the rear of the A3 is very muscular and powerful in its looks, again accentuating the width of the car. And the clearly contoured C-pillars smoothly inclined without any steps or inserts again serve to underline this superior impression of power and strength.
Interior design
Two features characterise the interior design of the new Audi A3 most appropriately: sportiness and elegance. Typical examples in this context are the lower seat position, the high and wide centre console, and the clear, generous subdivision of the dashboard. The outstanding flair and appeal of the interior surfaces and each individual detail, in turn, is the result of materials in supreme quality and a perfect finish at the highest level of craftsmanship.
The flush transition from the dashboard to the door-sills is also typical of the brand, slowly tapering out in a discreetly rising line from front to rear, again forming a dynamic arrow look in the process. The instrument cluster is housed within an almost round cover, an element consciously taking up the design of other sporting Audi models such as the TT and A4 Cabriolet.
Once again, numerous details help to make the new A3 a genuine Audi in every respect. To begin with, this starts with the car's ergonomics, that is the perfect position of the gearshift lever as well as the accelerator pedal in upright position like on a sports car and the clear contours of the instruments and controls bearing out the precise architecture of a chronometric watch.
Superior ergonomic design is combined with equally outstanding aesthetic qualities throughout the car's interior: Typical examples are the round air vents with aluminium surrounds, the rotary knobs on the automatic air conditioning also boasting metal rings round the edge, as well as the generous aluminium trim on the door and glove compartment handles.
Shaped like a boomerang, the trim panel inside the doors adds a particular touch of dynamism. This design element is then taken up again in the rear, serving furthermore to combine all functions door handle, armrest, window lift and door opener within one single unit.
Connecting the centre tunnel with the vertical plane on the console, two slender beams create an impression of particular lightness. And it is no coincidence that this feature is reminiscent of a genuine icon in modern automotive design, the Audi TT.
Three equipment lines
The new Audi A3 is continuing the successful equipment line concept already featured by its predecessor, offering the customer a choice of three lines with attractive elements perfectly matched with one another:
- the Attraction line full of character,
- the particularly sporting Ambition line, and
- the highly exclusive Ambiente line.
Apart from the wheels and functional signs of distinction, these lines also come in different colours, with different types of upholstery, steering wheels and trim features. Just one example: Whilst the trim in the Attraction models comes in grained, matt-painted plastic, the interior trim on the sporting Ambition models is finished in black or blue piano paint finish and comes in a choice of either amber Vavona wood on the Ambiente versions, with burr walnut available as an option on all models.
Lots of extra space
A significant increase in space for all occupants bears clear testimony to the substantial progress offered by the new generation of the A3.
Wheelbase extended by 65 millimetres or 2.56" serves to increase interior length by almost the same figure (+ 55 millimetres or 2.17"). And the greater width of the car (+30 millimetres or 1.18") ensures a significant improvement of interior comfort.
Compared with the former model, the rear-seat passengers in particular benefit from much more kneeroom (+29 millimetres or 1.14") and both rows of seats offer significantly more shoulder room (up by 30 millimetres or 1.18" at the rear and 42 millimetres or 1.65" at the front).
Thanks to the low position of the seats reminiscent of a sports car, headroom remains virtually the same as before despite the reduction in overall height.
Not only the increase in dimensions helps to provide more space inside, but also many improvements in the car's design economy: Space-saving design and configuration of the handbrake lever with its Z-shaped mechanism provides adequate space on the centre console for two additional cupholders also easily accessible from the rear seats.
All occupants benefit from easily accessible storage options, the driver and front passenger being able to use extra-large pockets in the front doors and in the glove compartment, as well as numerous storage options on the centre console and the large storage area in front of the gear lever. And at the rear there are additional storage boxes in the side panels.
The storage package available as an option comprises, inter alia, nets in the front-seat backrests, a storage compartment beneath the driver's seat, a net in the front passenger's footwell, and bag hooks with an additional net beneath the luggage compartment cover. A sunblind extending over the rear window (standard in the Ambition models) keeps out prying eyes and excessive heat another innovative feature in the compact range integrated in the luggage compartment cover as an option.
The optional, folding centre armrest at the rear housing two cupholders and a storage box offers particular versatility and practical benefits. When folded down, it provides through-loading complete with a removable transport bag for up to four pairs of skis or two snowboards.
The luggage compartment of the new Audi A3 is quite sufficient even for substantial transport requirements, providing a capacity of 350 litres with the rear-seat backrest in place and up to 1100 litres with the backrest tilted down.
Superior seating comfort
The steering column adjustable for reach and height as well as the driver's seat also adjustable for reach and height ensure an optimum seating position for drivers of virtually any size. Compared with the former model, height adjustment has been increased by 20, lengthwise adjustment by 5 per cent.
Upholstered kneepads on the centre console ensure a comfortable leg position.
The standard front seats in the new Audi A3 come with two separate seat shells around the backrest and beneath the seat squab, each padded for perfect body contour with cold foam materials. As a result, the seats offer both comfortable upholstery as well as the right kind of strength and support for long distances.
The weight of the driver is spread out evenly over the seats in order to avoid any local pressure points, and at the same time the seats seal off the occupants perfectly from vibrations and bumps on the road.
These qualities are also to be felt at the rear, the easy-entry front-seat function featured as standard serving furthermore to facilitate access to the rear seats and optional seat heating at the rear providing the final touch. Clearly, features of this kind confirm the particular standard and superiority of this trendsetter in the premium compact segment.
The front seats are also available as an option with an electrically adjustable four-way lumbar support for particular comfort around the occupant's back and effective prevention of any painful back distortion.
Drivetrain
Offering a wide range of choice but dedicated throughout to sporting performance this philosophy characterises the broad line-up of engines and transmissions featured by the new Audi A3 right from the start. And no less than three important innovations are entering the market in this process: Audi's engineers have enlarged the capacity of the highly successful four-cylinder TDI to a full two litres, also giving this engine a four-valve cylinder head. The 2.0 FSI and 3.2 V6, in turn, are making their debut in the A3 for the first time.
A further quality shared by all engines of the A3 right from the start is their full compliance with the EU4 standard, giving owners of these cars in Germany, for example, a tax benefit of up to EUR 613 (diesel models) and EUR 306 (petrol models).
The wide range of engines is as follows:
- 3.2-litre V6 developing 177 kW (241 bhp) and 320 Nm /236 lb-ft
(from mid-2003)
- 2.0-litre FSI developing 110 kW (150 bhp) and 200 Nm (147 lb-ft)
- 1.6-litre developing 75 kW (102 bhp) and 148 Nm (109 lb-ft)
- 2.0-litre TDI developing 103 kW (140 bhp) and 320 Nm (236 lb-ft)
- 1.9-litre TDI developing 77 kW (105 bhp) and 250 Nm (184 lb-ft).
Depending on the engine, the new A3 comes with a manual five- or six-speed gearbox or with tiptronic. Now incorporating six speeds, this automatic transmission is absolutely unique in the compact segment.
As an alternative to the manual gearbox, the most powerful spark ignition and TDI versions may also be equipped with the new DSG Direct Shift Gearbox.
This innovative power transmission inspired by motorsport technology uses an electrohydraulic double clutch to provide an instantaneous gearshift without interrupting the drive power of the engine and thus offering sporting pleasure of the highest calibre.
quattro permanent four-wheel drive remains unparalleled in the premium compact class, serving to translate the performance of the most powerful versions of the A3 into supreme driving force on the road. Audi quattro drive therefore provides the foundation for outstanding driving dynamics combined with equally outstanding active driving safety.
Spark-ignition engines
1.6-litre four-cylinder
This power unit already well-known within the range is now again making its appearance in the new-generation Audi A3: the 1.6-litre four-cylinder with variable intake manifold and overhead camshaft. With its engine block made of aluminium, this power unit is at least 13 kilos lighter than a grey cast-iron engine of the same size.
The cylinder head with valves operated by roller-type followers keeps internal friction to an absolute minimum. The other engine components are also optimised for minimum friction in the interest of enhanced fuel economy.
As a result of these highlights in technology, the new Audi A3 featuring the
1.6-litre power unit and five-speed manual gearbox consumes just 7.0 litres of premium fuel on 100 km in the composite mode, equal to 40.3 mpg Imp. And at the same time the A3 1.6 outperforms the EU 4 emission standard, giving the owner in Germany, for example, a tax bonus of EUR 306.
Despite this superior economy, the A3 1.6 is by all means a quick car: with engine output of 75 kW (102 bhp) and maximum torque of 148 Newton-metres or
109 lb-ft, the A3 1.6 accelerates to 100 km/h in 11.9 seconds and has a top speed of 185 km/h (115 mph). Offering equally good response and noise control, this highly advanced power unit certainly provides an ideal foundation for the Audi A3.
The A3 1.6 is available with either a five-speed manual gearbox or, at a later date, with six-speed tiptronic.
2.0 FSI four-cylinder
The new two-litre engine featured in the A3 is one of Audi's most advanced and sophisticated power units. The crankcase and basic engine dimensions are exactly the same as on the 96 kW (130 bhp) aluminium power unit already featured in the A4 and A6. The big difference, however, is that the FSI engine comes with direct petrol injection incorporating a common rail injection system and a single-piston high-pressure injection pump.
The cylinder head is a completely new development. The four valves per cylinder are actuated by low-friction roller cam followers. The intake camshaft can be continuously adjusted.
The 2.0 FSI in the A3 develops maximum output of 110 kW (150 bhp) and maximum torque of 200 Nm (147 lb-ft) at just 3500 rpm. With this kind of power, the A3 2.0 FSI with manual six-speed gearbox accelerates from 0-100 km/h in just 9.1 seconds and has a top speed of 211 km/h or 131 mph.
The FSI power unit is characterised, however, not only by its sporting performance, but also by outstanding efficiency: Considering the car's performance on the road, average fuel consumption of just 6.9 litres premium plus/100 km (in the composite cycle), equal to 40.9 mpg Imp, is more than impressive.
Thanks to a variable intake manifold and dual-branch front pipe, its torque curve sets new standards in this class. This progress has been made possible by the new air-guided combustion process of the 2.0 FSI engine. It allows stratified and homogeneous lean operation with excess air at part load.
Continuously adjustable flaps in each intake port together with the special shape of the piston crown ensure the optimum charge movement in the combustion chamber.
During stratified-charge operation, the FSI engines most economical mode, fuel is not injected until the compression phase, and is then transported to the spark plug by the air turbulence produced in the combustion chamber. This causes an ignitable mixture to form around the spark plug, with a substantial air surplus in the rest of the combustion chamber.
At full load and at high part loads, the FSI engine also operates in the homogeneous mode.
The FSI engine needs three catalytic converters for efficient exhaust emission management: Two close-coupled three-way catalysts are accommodated in the manifold and there is an NOx storage catalyst on the underfloor of the car.
An NOx sensor controls and monitors the function of the storage catalyst. When the catalyst is saturated, the fuel/air mixture is briefly enriched to produce the requisite regeneration: the slightly richer exhaust gas causes the barium molecules to release the oxides of nitrogen, which are then discharged as nitrogen. This is a process the driver will not even notice.
The A3 2.0 FSI is available both with a six-speed manual gearbox and, at a later date, with six-speed tiptronic.
The 3.2-litre V6
The most powerful engine within the entire range and the most dynamic spark ignition power unit in the new A3 is the new V6 four-valve displacing 3.2 litres.
Through its outstanding torque and power characteristics, this six-cylinder is a particularly good match for the new, extremely dynamic second-generation Audi A3. Maximum output is 177 kW or 241 bhp and the torque range is particularly impressive, peaking at 320 Nm or 236 lb-ft between 2500 and 3000 rpm.
Clearly, this is just perfect for powerful pulling force at all speeds as well as fast, nimble acceleration regardless of whether the driver opts for manual six-speed transmission or the new, very dynamic DSG Direct Shift Gearbox.
Performance on the road is truly outstanding: The A3 3.2 quattro accelerates from 0-100 km/h in just 6.6 seconds, top speed is 245 km/h or 152 mph, making this new six-cylinder the most sporting and dynamic A3 the world has ever seen.
With its cylinder angle of 150 the V6 is very compact, providing ideal conditions for crosswise integration of the engine transverse to the direction of travel. The valves are driven with minimum friction via roller-type followers with hydraulic compensation. The intake and outlet camshafts, in turn, are continuously adjustable in order to reduce emissions and enhance efficiency to an even higher standard.
Appropriate throttle butterfly control allows the engine to respond immediately and with supreme agility to the accelerator pedal. Indeed, particularly the interaction of the engine with ultra-fast and precise DSG control provides an entirely new feeling of power and performance on the road. And the perfect interplay of throttle butterfly and gearbox control becomes particularly clear by active throttle blips while shifting down in selector lever position S and in the manual gate.
Further highlights in technology such as the variable intake manifold and modified intake ducts further enhance the qualities of this six-cylinder in terms of torque, output and low emissions. Being redesigned for the A3, the engine also complies with the EU 4 standard.
The double-chamber exhaust system serves not only to reduce emissions, but also to provide the right kind of sound: If necessary, you can identify the most sporting A3 with your eyes closed, just by enjoying the throaty chortle of the engine. Indeed, Audi's acoustics specialists have created a very special sound in this case, which, without being unpleasant or even obtrusive in any way at all, is absolutely appropriate for the sporting potential of this very special power unit.
The A3 3.2 comes as standard with quattro permanent four-wheel drive and is available together with the six-speed manual gearbox. At a later point in time, the most sporting A3 may also be equipped with Audi's new DSG Direct Shift Gearbox.
TDI engines
1.9-litre TDI four-cylinder
One of Audi's most successful and popular engines is also to be found in the new A3: the four-cylinder 1.9-litre TDI with pump injector direct injection. Output of the current version is 77 kW (105 bhp), with maximum torque of no less than 250 Newton-metres or 184 lb-ft at just 1900 rpm.
The A3 1.9 takes just 11.4 seconds to accelerate to 100 km/h. And with its top speed of 187 km/h or 116 mph, the "basic" TDI is simply ideal for long stretches on the motorway at a high average speed especially with its average fuel consumption of just about 5.1 litres/100 km or 55.4 mpg Imp not calling for a fuel stop until you have covered more than 1,000 kilometres.
This once again proves the superior maturity and all-round efficiency of TDI technology in conjunction with the pump-injector unit. Indeed, this system is still able to provide the highest level of injection pressure of up to 2,050 bar the weight of a car on an area as small as a fingernail.
This high pressure ensures ultra-fine atomisation of fuel within the combustion chamber, thus providing excellent thermodynamic efficiency. On the road this means outstanding fuel economy and, at the same time, a high torque level.
And thanks to fully controlled pre-injection, efficient sound control and emission management are two additional fortes of the pump-injector unit allowing the 1.9 TDI to easily outperform the EU 4 standard.
The A3 1.9 TDI comes in combination with a five-speed manual gearbox.
New 2.0 TDI four-cylinder
There can be no doubt about it: the newly developed 2.0-litre TDI featured for the first time by Audi in the A3 offers all the virtues of its smaller brother high power output, superior fuel efficiency and low emissions.
Being the first TDI with a four-valve cylinder head, however, this new engine offers an even better interpretation of these qualities. Maximum output of 103 kW (140 bhp) and peak torque of 320 Nm (236 lb-ft) available all the way between 1750 and 2500 rpm make this the most powerful and dynamic four-cylinder diesel featured by Audi so far. Performance on the road is correspondingly impressive, the front-wheel-drive manual six-speed 2.0 TDI accelerating to 100 km/h in just 9.5 seconds and continuing up quickly to its top speed of 207 km/h or 128 mph.
Two other fortes of the new 2.0 TDI four-cylinder are low fuel consumption
5.5 litres of diesel fuel/100 km (51.4 mpg Imp) in the composite cycle as well as full compliance with the EU 4 emission standard.
In terms of engine construction, the new power unit stands out from its 1.9-litre "brother" not only by its larger capacity, but above all by the new cylinder head with four valves per cylinder. The crossflow cylinder head with two tangential intake ducts on either side and a twisted valve star ensures an optimum combination of fuel/air mixture tumble and cylinder charge.
Two overhead camshafts and low-friction roller-type followers with hydraulic valve control help to optimise the valve management process. The pump-injector units, in turn, are operated by roller-type rocking arms running on the exhaust camshaft.
The centrally positioned six-hole injection unit with flow-optimised injection jets and the central trough in the combustion chamber with new geometry interact with the recirculation of exhaust gas featuring integrated cooling in order to reduce emissions right from the start within the engine itself.
The pump injector has also been developed specifically for the new four-valve TDI. Compact dimensions and various measures of optimising the noise level in the injection and combustion process are just some of the new system's advantages.
Seeking to refine engine-running conditions, the development specialists focusing on the power unit have also worked carefully on the pistons, on the cylinder head reinforced at several points, and on the toothed belt guard.
A further innovation featured on the 2.0 TDI is the rapid-starting diesel system allowing the driver to start the engine immediately without a long preheating process under all climate conditions.
The A3 2.0 TDI comes with front-wheel drive in combination with Audi's six-speed manual gearbox. At a later point in time the top-of-the-range TDI will also be available with quattro drive and DSG Direct Shift Gearbox.
New DSG Direct Shift Gearbox
The revolutionary DSG Direct Shift Gearbox combines the advantages of a conventional six-speed manual gearbox with the qualities of modern automatic transmission, thus providing a drive concept superior in every respect. The driver benefits from supreme agility and driving pleasure combined with smooth, harmonious and dynamic acceleration without the slightest interruption of engine power. Further features are superior economy provided by good fuel efficiency and outstanding ease of control.
This new development is based on a three-shaft six-speed manual gearbox offering a high degree of variability in choosing the right transmission ratio. Featuring a twin multi-plate clutch with sophisticated electrohydraulic control, DSG is able to hold two gears in mesh at the same time.
How does DSG work? While driving, one gear is obviously always in mesh. Then, when approaching the next gearshift, the appropriate gear is preselected in advance with the clutch open or disengaged. When actually shifting gears, the clutch of the gear currently in mesh is disengaged and the other clutch engages at the same time with a certain overlap, allowing gears to shift under load with a permanent, ongoing flow of power.
Incorporating optimum gearshift strategies, the control logics integrated in the transmission housing provide an instantaneous, comfortable and smooth gearshift virtually free of any jolts of judder.
And moving the gearshift lever in the manual lane or operating the paddles behind the steering wheel fitted as standard like in a racing car, the driver can actively influence the choice of gears and the gearshift point at any time.
Driving in the automatic mode, the driver can switch over to the particularly sporting S gearshift program with gears shifting up much later than usual, shifting down at an earlier point, and reducing gearshift times to a minimum. In automatic modes D and S, a tip-in function using the paddles on the steering wheel serves additionally to switch over to the manual gearshift mode for a certain, limited period.
Finished with a highly attractive and sophisticated aluminium surface, the gearshift gate follows the design of the tiptronic or multitronic gates so characteristic of the brand.
Apart from its high standard of efficiency and the ability to transmit high torque, the big advantage of this special kind of clutch is the various options it offers the driver when setting off. The driver is able to control the multi-plate clutch as he desires, varying from a particularly gentle acceleration process on slippery ground all the way to sporting, full-power acceleration, and with countless variants in between.
Gears are shifted spontaneously and crisply, as if the driver were just pressing a button. Electronically controlled throttle blip in the manual and S-modes adds to the special feeling of supreme dynamic performance.
DSG will be available on the two highest-torque versions of the Audi A3,
the 3.2 quattro and 2.0 TDI.
New six-speed tiptronic
Going one step further: Six-speed automatic transmission is new in the premium compact segment, giving the driver a significant advantage over five-speed transmission since the greater overall spread of gear ratios 6:1 instead of 5.5:1 in the past benefits not only the car's fuel economy.
Apart from lower engine speeds in sixth gear helping to reduce fuel consumption and engine noise at high speeds, the shorter transmission in first gear provides even more spontaneous "bite" and agile dynamics when accelerating.
Combined with the DSP Dynamic Shift Program, the new six-speed tiptronic is a genuine all-rounder not only in subjective terms and in the motoring pleasure it offers the driver. For after making its debut in 2002 in the Audi TT, this automatic transmission also stands out through its compact dimensions and low weight: Although it has one more gear than its predecessor, the new tiptronic, benefiting from a smaller number of components and optimised weight of the components used, is almost 20 kilos lighter than before. This improves not only the power-to-weight ratio of the A3 models equipped with this tiptronic transmission, but also their weight distribution and, as a result, their dynamic performance on the road.
tiptronic is masterminded by an electrohydraulic control unit with an electronic "brain". Both the gearshift strategy and the torque converter are specifically designed for this combination with the 2.0 FSI power unit teaming up with the new six-speed tiptronic making its debut in the A3, so that in terms of both economy and dynamic performance this engine can now offer its full potential also in conjunction with automatic transmission.
To increase the car's spontaneity, for example, the new tiptronic allows the driver to shift back several gears at a time, for example directly from sixth to second gear. And to improve the car's agility, transmission control, when shifting down in the overrun mode, even gives active throttle blips automatically in order to shorten the gearshift process.
Apart from the standard driving program D focusing more on fuel economy, six-speed tiptronic also comes with a very sporting S program not only revving up gears to an even higher speed but also shifting back at an earlier point and with slighter movements of the accelerator pedal in the interest of even more spontaneous acceleration.
The S program serves furthermore to avoid any unwanted process of shifting up, thus providing even smoother and more harmonious driving conditions in fast bends.
The shift lane for the automatic mode has been enlarged by the addition of the
S stage in the interest of particularly convenient control, thus allowing the driver to use the gearshift lever when changing from D to S and vice versa. At the same time tiptronic comes with a second shift lane, enabling the driver to choose the gear required manually. And if the car is fitted with a multifunction steering wheel, the driver can also change from one driving mode to another simply by pressing the tiptronic buttons.
The DSP Dynamic Shift Program offers a further improvement of driving dynamics and motoring comfort in one, recognising different styles of motoring and determining the optimum gearshift point for every driver and driving situation.
Six-speed tiptronic is available as of mid-2003 on the A3 2.0 FSI and, at a later point in time, on the A3 1.6.
quattro permanent four-wheel drive
Like its predecessor and the Audi TT quattro, the Audi A3 quattro features a hydraulic multi-plate clutch varying the distribution of power at the front and rear. This technical solution is indeed particularly suitable for cars with the engine fitted transversely, offering all the well-known advantages of an Audi quattro.
Offering permanent, situation-specific distribution of drive forces on all four wheels, quattro drive guarantees maximum traction and, as a result, optimum acceleration at all times. At the same time it offers ample reserves for transmitting side forces in the interest of superior directional stability and safe handling in bends.
The "heart" of this sophisticated drive system is the multi-plate clutch fitted between the driveshaft and the rear differential. A package of plates running in an oil bath within the clutch housing can be pressed together by controlled hydraulic power, thus providing a variable lock between the front and rear axle.
The more pressure is able to build up on the multi-plate clutch, the more drive power can be conveyed to the rear axle. Electronically controlled, the system responds instantaneously to any change in traction. And with its own oil supply featuring two axial-piston pumps quickly building up pressure, the clutch is able to intervene as required with a difference in rotating angles of only 450 between the front and rear axle.
Power is distributed not according to a predetermined control line, but rather individually as a function of mechanical conditions, using both hydraulic and electronic signals. A data link provided by a CAN-bus, that is an electronic data line, serves to register and evaluate a wide range of data fed in by other sensors and control units. The electronic "brain" controls clutch pressure and, accordingly, the power transmitted additionally as a function of the respective driving situation, using an adjuster valve for this purpose. To provide this efficiency in power management, the control unit uses all kinds and sources of information such as wheel and engine speed, road speed and engine torque. At the same time the system "learns" all about the driving situation and the driver's current wish for more or less performance on the road.
With the engine at the front and the four-wheel-drive multiple-plate clutch at the rear, axle load distribution benefits accordingly. Indeed, this weight distribution is crucial to the excellent driving stability and good handling of the Audi A3 quattro.
quattro permanent four-wheel drive comes with the top versions of the A3, featured as standard on the 3.2 and coming as an option on the 2.0 TDI.
Chassis and suspension
A highly sophisticated chassis and suspension provides the second foundation for the excellent driving dynamics of the new Audi A3: the further improved McPherson front axle and new four-arm independent suspension at the rear.
The chassis and suspension is designed for sporting and agile handling in conjunction with a high level of all-round stability, giving the car excellent road-holding in bends with both front-wheel and quattro drive. An additional forte is the high standard of comfort meeting the substantial demands made of cars in higher segments of the market.
16- or 17-inch wheels (17-inch wheels are standard on the Ambition models) improve performance on the road to an even higher level and add a sporting touch at very first sight. The brakes with larger brake discs, in turn, reflect the greater power and performance of the engines also in the interest of superior safety.
A new feature of the Audi A3 is electromechanical steering with speed-related power assistance, Audi servotronic. This combines an optimum feel for the steering with almost total immunity to excitation from the road and operates much more efficiently on far less energy.
Driving dynamics and superior comfort all in one
Enjoying the new Audi A3, you will appreciate the higher standard of driving dynamics right from the start even in comparison with the first generation still widely lauded by motoring journalists for its outstanding chassis and suspension.
This improvement is to be felt not only on the car's exact directional stability benefiting from the longer wheelbase. Rather, the new A3 also offers an even better steering response, your first subjective impression being confirmed immediately by the exemplary precision of the A3 in following every movement of the steering wheel, every bend in the road. Despite its longer wheelbase, the new A3 offers even better handling, agility, and quick response in bends.
Throughout all of these manoeuvring processes, the body of the car remains cool, calm and collected, body sway or other motions remaining within strict limits even in bumpy bends and thus not influencing the car's driving characteristics. Steering behaviour remains neutral up to the extreme limit making itself felt to the driver only through slight understeer when appropriate. Even a provoked load change response remains very moderate, allowing the driver to keep his car under control without any problems.
This superior dynamic performance is accompanied by a high standard of comfort and running smoothness in every respect: The new Audi A3 offers smooth and sensitive suspension response, absorbing hard bumps on the road at every speed. The steering also remains unerringly calm even on bumpy surfaces, consistently providing a good feeling for and contact with the road.
This high standard of suspension control and handling is provided by the relatively firm spring setting combined with efficient shock absorption and moderate tuning of the roll bars - precisely the right characteristics which, together with the axle geometry and kinematics, provide the foundation for the driving pleasure so typical of the Audi A3. And you will experience this driving pleasure in all versions of the new Audi, regardless of the engine chosen, since the damping effect is geared in each case to the different weight of the car and its axle loads.
Rear axle
With the rear axle being crucial to the dynamic driving behaviour and stability of a car, the engineers developing the A3 opted in favour of a new axle design tailored even more closely to the sporting character of the "small" Audi: They decided in favour of the four-arm principle combining compact dimensions with low weight and, in particular, dynamic driving qualities.
The particular fortes of the four-arm axle are based on a functional separation of longitudinal and side forces. This provides a high standard of lateral rigidity in the interest of optimum dynamics and driving safety and, at the same time, makes the suspension relatively soft lengthwise in order to improve the standard of roll comfort.
On each side the axle incorporates a wheel subframe with a wheel bearing, two track control arms at the bottom, one track control arm at the top and a longitudinal control arm.
The three track control arms are connected to the body of the car by the axle subframe. This structure on the front-wheel drive A3 is made of extra-strong steel tubes and plates and is bolted firmly to the body, forming a complete unit helping to save weight and reinforcing the rear end of the car at the same time. The rear axle subframe on quattro models serves additionally to accommodate the final drive and is made of aluminium to reduce weight to an even lower level.
Separate springs and dampers provide the necessary vertical support. The twin-sleeve gas pressure dampers are fitted directly next to the wheels, providing extra-large space for loading the luggage compartment. The anti-roll bar at the rear is mounted on extra-firm rubber/metal bearings fitted to the axle subframe, efficiently reducing body sway and helping to improve the transmission of lateral forces and, accordingly, the handling of the car.
Front axle
The front suspension incorporates a design principle which has already proven its qualities with the predecessor to the new Audi A3: the McPherson front axle with wishbones below. The front axle subframe on the new Audi A3 is bolted directly on to the chassis of the car, with the crossbars and track control arm mounts being made of aluminium and thus reducing the weight of this structure alone versus the first generation of the A3 by 1.5 kilos.
Again as a new feature, the anti-roll bar is mounted directly on the spring strut. This direct connection helps to improve the response of the anti-roll bar, allowing the engineers to make the whole unit smaller and more compact than before, again saving 1.6 kilos on the front axle.
The kinematic configuration of the front axle, in conjunction with the design and configuration of the rubber mounts, helps to give the new A3 its neutral handling and driving behaviour, with slight understeer easy to anticipate not arising until the car reaches its extreme limit.
The front track control arm mount is extra-stiff and firm to provide good and stable side support. The rear track control arm mount, in turn, has a non-linear response curve ensuring good ride comfort under minor loads and controlled self-steering behaviour as forces increase.
Steering
The electromechanical steering of the Audi A3 is an all-new development in every respect. The crucial advantage of this technology is that, contrary to conventional power steering, it consumes energy only when the driver actually turns the steering. On average, this means a fuel saving of 0.2 litres per 100 kilometres, depending on driving conditions.
Sensors in the steering monitor steering forces and the speed at which the driver is turning the steering wheel, applying this data to calculate the power assistance required, which is then built up by an electric motor and transmitted via a worm gearing to the pinion in the steering system. Another crucial factor is the speed at which the car is travelling.
In practice this means maximum ease of steering when parking the car, with the driver then registering a more sensitive response and active steering feel as road speed increases. The system also makes it possible to effectively dampen bumps on the road. Another innovation is the active return travel of the steering with intuitive zero point. The lateral incline of road surfaces and constant side wind thus no longer impair the vehicle's directional stability.
Electromechanical power steering is also a step into the future in terms of complexity, doing without a servo pump, hoses, coolers and equalisation reservoirs in the interest of simpler production and easier maintenance all in one.
Brakes and wheels
The brake system featured in the new Audi A3 appropriately matches the dynamic talents of the car: Four disc brakes varying in size depending on the engine ensure safe and reliable deceleration whenever required. The top-of-the-range 3.2 quattro even comes with a 17-inch brake system setting a new standard in this segment. On the front-wheel brakes this means disc diameter of no less than 345 millimetres or 13.6".
The Audi A3 is also the pioneer in its class when it comes to operation of the brakes. Like the Audi S4 before it, this compact premium athlete now features a dual rate brake servo allowing very sensitive application of brake forces under normal conditions with a reinforcement ratio of 1:5. When the driver applies the brakes in an emergency, however, the brake servo, on sensing a pre-defined braking pressure, switches to a higher support factor of 1:8.5.
An Electronic Stabilisation Program of the latest generation, ESP, ensures active safety reserves at all times. This wheel-slip control system comprises the following functions: the ABS anti-lock brake system, EBD Electronic Brake-force Distribution, ASR Anti-Slip Regulation, engine-drag-torque control MSR, the EDL Electronic Differential Lock, the hydraulic brake assist and the extended stabilisation braking system ESBS.
The enhanced control algorithm in the electronic control unit now enables ESP to recognise potentially critical situations at an even earlier point in time, intervening preventively whenever necessary. With its self-learning capacity, ESP consistently monitors the car even under stable driving conditions, thus adjusting the intervention point to the current driving situation on the road. The result is an increase in both safety and comfort, ESP intervening much earlier in critical situations and avoiding unnecessary action whenever appropriate.
The Attraction and Ambiente versions of the A3 come as standard on 16-inch wheels running on 205/55 R 16 tyres. On the Ambiente models the wheel rims themselves are made of cast aluminium.
The high-performance Ambition versions of the A3 and the 3.2 V6 come with sports suspension and 17-inch cast aluminium wheels running on 225/45 tyres. This combination not only looks very dynamic, but also offers supreme driving qualities on both dry and wet roads.
Both 16- and 17-inch wheels are available for driving in winter. And last but not least, all A3 are fitted as standard with the Tyre Mobility System, a run-flat spare tyre being available as an option.
Body
The new Audi A3 is a wonderful example of the many options and benefits offered by a modern steel bodyshell, combining superior stiffness which also means excellent vibration comfort with supreme resistance in a crash and efficient lightweight technology.
This synthesis is made possible by the specific use of strong and extra-strong body panels, tailored blanks varying in width as well as the most advanced and sophisticated joining technologies. In all, the share of strong and extra-strong steel panels on the new A3 is no less than 62 per cent.
Compared with the first generation of the Audi A3, the number of components has been significantly reduced especially on the floor assembly, the entire front area of the car now consisting of just one single unit. The big advantage, of course, is lower weight and extra rigidity all in one. And although the former A3 was most definitely one of the best cars in its class in terms of body strength and stiffness, the new model offers an overall improvement in dynamic flexural and torsional rigidity of approximately 20 per cent. Static torsional rigidity is up by an even more impressive 33 per cent.
Excellent vibration comfort
A high level of local and overall dynamic stiffness in the body of the car is essential to ensure superior vibration comfort. The objective is to keep vibration amplitudes to a minimum at all points of the car relevant to comfort such as the footwells, the area beneath the seats, and the area around the steering wheel.
The body-in-white of the new A3 plays a significant role in achieving this goal. Cross-sections designed to cope with varying loads, profiles remaining consistent and unchanged throughout the body, and thoroughly optimised structure points connecting the various components all act together to provide an optimum all-round concept. Tailored blanks are used again on the body to guarantee efficient use of materials.
Modern adhesive is also used in conjunction with welding spots and laser seams together with spot-welded connections to ensure firm and stiff connection of the individual components. No less than 3 metres of laser seams serve to connect the roof and the side frame alone.
Integrated assembly components such as the hybrid front end, aluminium subframes and an aluminium cockpit support integrated in the overall structure of the body serve to enhance all-round body stiffness to an even higher level.
Stable structures for passive safety
A high standard of occupant safety is one of the obvious goals in developing an Audi this applies equally to head-on, side or rear-end collisions, as well as passenger safety in a rollover.
The Euro-NCAP crash hitting a deformable barrier at 64 km/h and with 40 per cent overlap of the front end is an important criterion for determining the safety of a car in the most common type of accident, a head-on collision. The structure of the new Audi A3 is protected in such a case by a multi-chamber aluminium crossbar bumper system with deformation elements positioned slightly further back.
Interacting with the longitudinal arms or "chassis legs", as they are often called, the bumpers absorb energy with maximum efficiency to relieve the load on the passenger cell and, in particular, the footwells.
The aluminium subframe at the front of the car is bolted in position at six points, spreading out forces efficiently throughout the extra-strong floor and tunnel structure.
Within the passenger compartment exact coordination of all restraint systems as well as kinematic action of the steering column and pedals keeps forces acting on the occupants to a minimum. Full-size frontal airbags for the driver and front passenger as well as belt tensioners and belt-force limiters reduce forces acting on the occupants' bodies in a head-on collision with maximum efficiency. Special padding on the steering column and in the footwells as well as the foot support and the upright accelerator pedal protect the driver's lower extremities, particularly his sensitive ankles and leg joints.
In a collision from the side the occupants in the A3 benefit from the particularly strong and solid structure of the bodyshell. A homogeneous contour and cross-sectional design ensure the appropriate deformation kinematics, especially in the area of the B-pillar and side sill. The central sill profile, in turn, avoids any major deformation and, together with the extra-large seat crossbars, guarantees very good support particularly helpful under very substantial local loads, for example when hitting a pole.
In the door area a hybrid carrier system consisting of an aluminium collision safety support with a bolted-on steel apron ensures additional safety. In a side-on collision the carrier system rests consistently on the side-sills, thus transmitting forces to the lower structure of the car with maximum efficiency.
Inside the car, seat-integrated hip-thorax side airbags help to maintain a supreme standard of safety. The sideguard head airbag system is featured as standard in all new Audi A3 in Western Europe, covering almost the entire window area from the A- to the C-pillar and significantly reducing impact forces in the process.
With the airbags being rapidly filled by a hybrid gas generator and maintaining their pressure consistently for a long period, passenger safety is ensured quickly and consistently, with an adequate safety potential also in secondary, follow-up collisions.
Active headrests in the front seats reduce the risk in a rear-end collision. Activated mechanically, they move forward whenever required to cushion the occupant's head quickly and efficiently.
A comprehensive crash detection system with no less than six satellite crash sensors on the B- and C-pillars and in the front-end support serve to activate the restraint systems with the same standard of efficiency. This ensures on-demand detection of accidents, with the occupants being efficiently protected by decelerating together with the car itself.
Over and above these benefits, the crash sensors in the new Audi A3 offer additional safety in an accident by opening the central locking, switching on the hazard warning lights and interrupting the supply of fuel to the engine.
The compact Audi is also protected with maximum efficiency from the effects of a head-on collision. Indeed, the Audi A3 already meets the requirements of future standards. This means that it safely resists an impact against a deformable barrier at up to 80 km/h and with at least 70 per cent overlap, the passenger cell and the fuel tank both remaining outside of the actual deformation area in such a collision. The entire rear structure of the car deforms specifically with the help of extra-large support arms, absorbing impact energy for extra safety.
Low insurance premiums thanks to superior ease of repair
Insurance premiums are a significant factor in the cost of ownership of any car. Precisely this is why the engineers developing the body of the Audi A3 sought from the start to give the bumper systems not only a superior protective effect in a collision, but also equally superior qualities in resisting minor damage and allowing ease of repair in minor collisions.
The essential criterion considered by German insurers in determining their full coverage premiums is the 15 km/h model damage test a test the Audi A3 has already passed with flying colours. The front bumper support is connected to the body in such a way that it will break clear of its mounting points in the event of a collision, thus providing longer deformation travel. And at the same time the bumper will jump off the side panel to avoid any damage to the wings of the car.
As a result, the new A3 1.6 comes in Germany in the extremely low and inexpensive full coverage insurance category 13, thus offering lower premiums than any other model in the compact segment.
Fine-tuning in the wind tunnel
A longer wheelbase and wider track, the longer and wider body reduced in height, as well as wider tyres than on the former model: On account of these different dimensions, together with the new design of the car, the new-generation Audi A3 offers a completely new standard of streamlining and aerodynamic efficiency.
The No 1 challenge in designing the car was to maintain the very good drag coefficient despite the larger frontal area. And the most significant improvements made for this purpose are the fine-tuning of the underfloor with its full panel extending from front to rear.
Developing this kind of aerodynamic cover was of course the ideal task for Audi's wind tunnel in Ingolstadt, with the simulation of ground effect conditions provided by belts running beneath the car allowing very realistic assessment of air flow below.
A spoiler fitted on the bottom of the front bumper serves to efficiently guide the flow of air entering the underfloor area. Spoilers on all four wheels, in turn, ensure an adequate flow of cooling air to the brake discs kept clean and free of dirt to the greatest possible extent.
Two large underfloor covers around the middle of the car maintain a smooth flow of air with virtually no turbulence or air swirl. So-called heel plate spoilers at the rear end of the underfloor panel, finally, block off the flow of air beneath the car so efficiently that the air flow along the upper rear section changes favourably, preventing the flow of air from resting directly on the rear window and thus keeping this area clean, without the contamination so often seen here on a coupι or fastback.
Detailed work was also conducted in the wind tunnel on the front end of the car with its air inlets which is indeed all the more important, since the many different engines available in the A3 vary in their demand for cooling air. The successful result is the reduction of ornamental grilles used on the various models to just two different grille sections as opposed to five different variants on the first-generation A3.
With its drag coefficient of just 0.33, the new A3 1.6 again offers advantages in terms of performance, driving dynamics and fuel economy.
Audi's aeroacoustics specialists have also worked hard on the new car, the perception of noise obviously having a certain effect on the feeling of quality for the driver and his passengers. Two areas are indeed of particular significance in this context: the doors and the windscreen wipers, where annoying high-frequency vibrations are generated particularly often. Carefully conceived seals serve to avoid such vibration and noise around the doors, the sealing line on the front upper door frame being appropriately positioned to keep the base of the exterior mirror with its holes drilled into the body potentially causing noise outside of the actual door area.
Conducting a long series of tests in the wind tunnel, Audi's aeroacoustics specialists have also optimised the design of the mirrors, the water drain rails and the aerial. Applying experience gained in developing the A4 and the A8, they have enlarged the radius of the front edge of the water drain rail in order to reduce the noise effect.
High-tech improvements are also featured on the windscreen wipers, helping to minimise wind noise both with the wipers inactive and when in use. This is made possible by Audi's new flat wiper technology which, without making any concessions in wiper performance even at high speeds, helps to reduce the noise level and improve the frequency curve in comparison with conventional windscreen wipers.
This screen wiper technology benefits in particular from the carefully conceived flow of air around the wiper arm and blade with its integrated spoiler. The wiper arm, in turn, is extremely stiff and sturdy, thus exerting additional downforces on the wiper blade.
Standard equipment
Like its predecessor, the new Audi A3 sets the benchmark through its premium equipment and model features. Three separate model lines the Attraction version full of character, the particularly sporting Ambition model, and the highly exclusive Ambiente version enable the customer to turn each A3 into his or her personal dream car.
The easy-entry function on the front seats, electric window lifts at the front and central locking with remote control are standard from the start even on the Attraction line models. The driver's seat is adjustable for height as another standard feature.
Safety features such as the ESP Electronic Stabilisation Program, the new front seats with active headrests and the sideguard head airbag system are natural features on the new A3.
All A3 are available in 14 different paintwork colours ranging from Arctic White to Brilliant Black, from Toucan Yellow to Crystal Blue, with three colours coming as standard. All A3 are painted in body colour throughout.
Attraction, Ambition, Ambiente
Individual character and style two concepts crucial to the A3's story of success. Indeed, this is precisely why the new generation continues this equipment concept with three very different model lines appealing to different groups of customers with varying demands and expectations.
Attraction: This is the modern interpretation of the A3 theme full of style and character. From outside the Attraction models are clearly recognisable with their 16-inch wheels as an option in light alloy running on 205/55 tyres. Module fabric comes in four colours (black, beige, light grey or deep blue) as standard on the seats. The surfaces and trim are finished in grained or matt-painted plastic in either black or deep blue, and a pleasant-to-hold four-spoke steering wheel is also standard on the Attraction models.
Ambition: This is the even more dynamic interpretation of a car built for a sporting lifestyle and at the same time it is the most popular version of the A3. The Ambition models come on 7.5 x 17-inch cast aluminium wheels in five-arm design and with 225/45 tyres. The interior is avai
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Posted on Monday, March 24, 2003 @ 07:28:35 UTC by audioc |
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Average Score: 4.18
Votes: 11
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